The ruddy complexion of this Thoma society helmet mask was probably achieved with camwood, a red pigment used to dye the gowns of boys undergoing initiation rites. The red color expresses the dangerous realm of transition that boys experience as they are transformed from children into men. The Thoma society, an organization focused on healing, fertility, and morality, introduces boy and girl initiates to the color red as a symbol of the strength and vitality of the forest, hunting and combat, and childbirth. White and black accents represent both the blessings of ancestors and the dark human traits of greed and envy.