Jasper Johns
Study According to What
1968
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Jasper Johns
Study According to What
1968
Physical Qualities
Graphite, graphite wash, and opaque watercolor on paper, Sheet: 883 × 661 mm. (34 3/4 × 26 in.)
Credit Line
Thomas E. Benesch Memorial Collection
Object Number
1970.4.18
In 1964, Jasper Johns created a five-panel painting (see below) that includes real objects protruding and bending up from its surface. Johns’ use of actual items reflects his lifelong interest in the work of Marcel Duchamp, who exhibited everyday objects, including
a urinal, as “readymade” sculptures. Five years after Johns completed the painting, he made the present drawing, concentrating on the hanger and spoon, two of the painting’s smallest elements.
In the painting, Johns created three separate depictions of a single object: a traced hanger, a real hanger protruding from the surface, and its cast shadow. In the drawing, however, he included only two: a tracing and a rendering of the same object. Both are illusions, but the tracing is a more accurate reflection of the hanger’s actual shape. On the other hand, the bent version, with its shading and illusionistic three-dimensionality, reveals more of the artist’s hand in its rendering.
In the drawing, Johns isolates two objects, presenting them in multiple ways in order to draw attention to those possible variations. Johns returned to the same imagery in 1971, when he created a series of lithographs focused on various aspects of the painting, including the hanger and spoon. As for the mysterious title, Johns said: “I made it up....,I think the note appearing in my sketchbook goes like ‘somewhere there is the question of seeing clearly, seeing what, according to what.’”
Publication References
"The Thomas Edward Benesch Memorial Collection," BMA, 1970, unpaginated.
BMA Today, Spring 2006, ill. p. 7.
"The Baltimore Museum of Art: Celebrating a Museum," The Baltimore Museum of Art, 2014, p. 243.
Clisby, Roger D. 19th & 20th Century Prints & Drawings from the Baltimore Museum of Art: Catalogue [of an exhibition held at the E. B. Crocker Art Gallery, November 3 - December 2, 1973, Honolulu Academy of Arts, January 18 - February 17, 1974, and William Hayes Ackland Memorial Art Center, April 2 - April 21, 1974]. [Sacramento, CA]: E. B. Crocker Art Gallery, 1973, cat. no. 28, unpaged.
Carlson, Victor, and Carol Hynning Smith. Master Drawings and Watercolors of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: The Baltimore Museum of Art. New York, NY: The American Federation of Arts, 1979, pp. 14, 187, ill.
Rosenthal, Nan, and Ruth E. Fine. The Drawings of Jasper Johns. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1990, pages 54 and 202-203.
The Baltimore Museum of Art by gift, 1970; Mr. Edward Benesch, NY; Leo Castelli Gallery, NY
Select Views: Drawings from the Benesch Collection
Jasper Johns: Variations on a Theme
Drawings from the Benesch Collection
Jasper Johns: Mind/Mirro
Jasper Johns: A Retrospective
Inscribed: lower left in graphite: "ACCORDING TO WHAT"; lower right in graphite: "Jasper Johns / '69"