In the early part of the nineteenth century, Turner published an ambitious set of prints known as the Liber Studiorum (Book of Studies). These prints were loosely based on the idea of Claude’s Liber Veritatis (Book of Truth), and constituted Turner’s personal manifesto of his aspirations for landscape art. He categorized the prints into six types: Pastoral, Marine, Mountainous, Historical, Architectural, and E.P. (Elevated or Epic Pastoral). These prints, published periodically in small groups, were intended to spread the artist’s fame. Some of the prints were engraved by Turner himself and some he collaborated with other printmakers. By 1819 the project faltered and only 70 of the intended 100 prints were completed.